American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation

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Blockchain-Enabled Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Directions

Author(s) Michael I. Jordan
Country United States
Abstract The rapid expansion of global supply chains has increased the complexity of managing procurement, production, logistics, inventory, distribution, and end-of-life product recovery while ensuring sustainability, transparency, and resilience. Modern supply chains face numerous challenges, including limited visibility, counterfeit products, information asymmetry, environmental degradation, unethical labour practices, regulatory compliance, and increasing consumer demand for sustainable products. Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative digital innovation capable of enhancing transparency, traceability, security, and trust across supply chain networks. By integrating blockchain with Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, Digital Twins, smart contracts, big data analytics, and edge computing, organisations can create intelligent and sustainable supply chain ecosystems that improve operational efficiency and environmental performance.
This study investigates blockchain-enabled sustainable supply chain management using a qualitative and analytical research methodology based on secondary data collected from peer-reviewed journals, industry reports, international standards, and case studies. The study examines blockchain architecture, distributed ledger technology, smart contracts, digital traceability, circular economy practices, green logistics, supplier collaboration, carbon footprint monitoring, and intelligent supply chain decision support. Furthermore, it evaluates the influence of blockchain technology on supply chain transparency, sustainability, operational resilience, resource efficiency, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder trust while identifying implementation challenges and future research opportunities.
The findings indicate that blockchain significantly improves product traceability, supplier accountability, inventory visibility, fraud prevention, sustainable sourcing, and carbon emission monitoring. The integration of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Digital Twins, and predictive analytics further enhances supply chain optimisation, demand forecasting, risk management, and circular economy implementation. However, challenges including scalability, interoperability, energy consumption, cybersecurity, regulatory uncertainty, implementation costs, governance complexity, and organisational readiness continue to influence adoption.
The study concludes that blockchain-enabled sustainable supply chain management represents a key technological foundation for resilient, transparent, and environmentally responsible supply networks and will play a central role in supporting Industry 5.0 and sustainable development objectives.
Keywords : Blockchain, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Distributed Ledger Technology, Smart Contracts, Supply Chain Transparency, Circular Economy, Green Logistics, Artificial Intelligence, Industry 5.0
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 1, Issue 1, January-February 2019
Published On 2019-01-21
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