Internet of Things-Based Smart Monitoring Systems for Environmental Sustainability

Jitendra Malik

Internet of Things-Based Smart Monitoring Systems for Environmental Sustainability

Author(s)	Jitendra Malik
Country	United States
Abstract	Environmental degradation, climate change, rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, and increasing resource consumption have intensified the need for intelligent environmental monitoring systems capable of providing accurate, real-time, and data-driven insights. Traditional environmental monitoring methods often depend on manual data collection, periodic observations, and isolated monitoring stations, limiting their ability to detect environmental changes promptly and support proactive decision-making. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology that enables continuous environmental monitoring through interconnected sensors, wireless communication, cloud computing, and intelligent analytics. This study presents a comprehensive review of Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart monitoring systems for environmental sustainability. The research adopts a qualitative and analytical methodology based on secondary data from peer-reviewed journal articles, international environmental reports, and smart city initiatives. The study examines IoT-enabled monitoring applications in air quality assessment, water resource management, waste management, agriculture, biodiversity conservation, climate monitoring, and disaster management. It also investigates the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), cloud computing, edge computing, and digital twins with IoT-based environmental systems. The findings indicate that IoT-based smart monitoring systems significantly improve environmental data accuracy, resource management efficiency, pollution control, early warning capabilities, and evidence-based policy development. These systems enable continuous monitoring of environmental indicators while supporting sustainable development, climate resilience, and ecosystem conservation. Applications in smart cities, precision agriculture, renewable energy management, and industrial environmental compliance demonstrate the growing importance of IoT technologies in achieving sustainability objectives. Despite these advantages, challenges remain concerning cybersecurity, interoperability, energy consumption of sensor networks, data privacy, infrastructure costs, and standardisation. Future research should focus on explainable AI-enabled monitoring, energy-efficient IoT devices, federated environmental intelligence, autonomous monitoring systems, and integrated digital sustainability platforms. The study concludes that IoT-based smart monitoring systems represent a critical technological foundation for sustainable environmental management by enabling intelligent resource utilisation, timely environmental protection, and informed policy decisions.
Keywords	Internet of Things, Environmental Monitoring, Smart Sensors, Environmental Sustainability, Smart Cities, Artificial Intelligence, Climate Monitoring, Sustainable Development.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 1, Issue 4, July-August 2019
Published On	2019-07-03

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American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Internet of Things-Based Smart Monitoring Systems for Environmental Sustainability

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