Ethical and Regulatory Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Society

John Quelch

Ethical and Regulatory Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Society

Author(s)	John Quelch
Country	United States
Abstract	Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, revolutionising healthcare, finance, education, manufacturing, transportation, governance, cybersecurity, and scientific research. Despite its significant benefits, the widespread deployment of AI has introduced complex ethical, legal, regulatory, and societal challenges concerning privacy, fairness, accountability, transparency, algorithmic bias, human rights, employment, intellectual property, and autonomous decision-making. As AI systems increasingly influence high-stakes decisions affecting individuals and communities, establishing responsible governance frameworks has become essential for ensuring trustworthy, human-centred, and sustainable AI development. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the ethical and regulatory challenges of Artificial Intelligence in modern society. A qualitative analytical research methodology based on secondary data is employed to investigate responsible AI principles, global regulatory frameworks, algorithmic accountability, data governance, AI risk management, and interdisciplinary governance models. The research evaluates how governments, industries, academic institutions, and international organisations are addressing emerging ethical concerns while promoting innovation and economic growth. The findings indicate that ethical AI governance requires transparency, explainability, fairness, privacy protection, accountability, human oversight, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance throughout the AI lifecycle. International initiatives—including the European Union AI Act, the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, OECD AI Principles, and UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence—provide important guidance for responsible AI deployment. Integration of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), privacy-preserving machine learning, federated learning, blockchain, and AI auditing mechanisms enhances trust, regulatory compliance, and societal acceptance. Despite these opportunities, significant challenges remain concerning global regulatory harmonisation, algorithmic discrimination, cross-border governance, intellectual property rights, labour market disruption, environmental sustainability, misinformation, autonomous systems, and the rapid pace of AI innovation. Future research should investigate adaptive AI governance, explainable foundation models, AI constitutional frameworks, quantum-safe AI security, and globally interoperable regulatory standards. The study concludes that ethical and regulatory governance is fundamental for ensuring that Artificial Intelligence contributes to sustainable development, social equity, technological innovation, and public trust while protecting fundamental human rights in an increasingly intelligent digital society.
Keywords	Artificial Intelligence, AI Ethics, AI Governance, AI Regulation, Responsible AI, Explainable AI, Algorithmic Fairness, Privacy, Human Rights, Regulatory Compliance.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 2, Issue 2, March-April 2020
Published On	2020-03-20

View / Download PDF File

About AJAMRI Fees & Payment Current Issue Publication Archive	Submit Research Paper Track Submission Status Publication Guidelines Publication Ethics Peer Review & Plagiarism	Join as a Reviewer Editors & Reviewers Reviewer Referral Program Get Reviewer Membership Certi.	Website/Journal Policies Usage Policy Content Policies Privacy Policy

Contact Us		+1-872-302-3851	editor@ajamri.com

American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Ethical and Regulatory Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Society

Share this