American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation

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Volume 8 Issue 5
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Exosome-Based Drug Delivery and Biomedical Innovation: Emerging Opportunities for Targeted Therapeutic Systems

Author(s) Andrew M. Isaacs
Country United States
Abstract Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles released by cells that have emerged as promising biological carriers for the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Their natural role in intercellular communication, combined with their ability to transport proteins, lipids, messenger RNA, microRNA, and other molecular cargoes, has generated considerable interest in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Compared with several synthetic nanocarriers, exosomes may offer advantages related to biological compatibility, cellular uptake, and the possibility of engineering their cargo and surface characteristics. This paper examines the technological foundations, biomedical applications, advantages, challenges, and future prospects of exosome-based drug delivery systems. A qualitative and conceptual methodology is adopted to assess applications in cancer therapy, gene delivery, neurological disorders, tissue regeneration, inflammatory diseases, and precision medicine. The analysis considers exosome isolation, cargo loading, surface engineering, targeting, manufacturing, quality control, and therapeutic evaluation. Potential applications include the delivery of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, and gene-regulatory cargoes to specific tissues. However, substantial challenges remain, including heterogeneity, low production yield, purification, cargo-loading efficiency, biodistribution, scalability, storage stability, safety, regulatory standardisation, and reproducibility. The paper proposes an integrated exosome-based therapeutic framework combining source-cell selection, controlled biogenesis, engineered cargo loading, surface targeting, quality control, and personalised treatment strategies. The study concludes that exosome technology has considerable potential to become an important component of next-generation drug delivery, but translation from experimental research to routine clinical applications will require rigorous manufacturing standards, mechanistic understanding, well-designed clinical studies, and harmonised regulatory frameworks.
Keywords : Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles, Drug Delivery, Nanomedicine, Targeted Therapy, Biomedical Innovation, Gene Delivery, Cancer Therapy, Regenerative Medicine, Precision Medicine.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024
Published On 2024-02-20
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