American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation

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Sustainable Space Technologies: Innovation Pathways for Earth Observation, Resource Management and Climate Science

Author(s) Fiona E. Murray
Country United States
Abstract Space technologies are becoming increasingly important for addressing environmental challenges on Earth. Satellite-based Earth observation, remote sensing, space-enabled communications, navigation systems, and emerging data-processing technologies provide capabilities for monitoring climate change, managing natural resources, assessing environmental risks, and supporting sustainable development. However, the expansion of space activities also creates sustainability challenges associated with energy consumption, launch emissions, orbital debris, satellite congestion, electronic waste, and the increasing number of spacecraft in low Earth orbit. This paper examines sustainable space technologies as an emerging interdisciplinary field connecting space engineering, Earth observation, environmental science, artificial intelligence, resource management, and climate policy. It analyses technological innovations in satellite sensing, hyperspectral imaging, synthetic aperture radar, small satellites, onboard artificial intelligence, satellite constellations, digital twins, and space-based environmental monitoring. Particular attention is given to the role of space-derived data in agriculture, water management, forestry, biodiversity conservation, disaster management, carbon monitoring, and climate modelling. The paper proposes a Sustainable Space Technology Framework based on responsible design, low-impact launch and satellite systems, orbital sustainability, efficient data infrastructure, AI-enabled Earth observation, resource monitoring, and international governance. The paper argues that sustainability in the space sector should not be limited to reducing the environmental footprint of spacecraft; it should also consider how space technologies can generate measurable environmental benefits on Earth. The study concludes that the future of sustainable space technology depends on creating an integrated ecosystem in which space infrastructure remains environmentally responsible while delivering reliable information for climate resilience and sustainable resource management.
Keywords : Sustainable Space Technology, Earth Observation, Remote Sensing, Climate Science, Satellite Technology, Space Sustainability, Resource Management, Artificial Intelligence, Climate Monitoring, Orbital Sustainability.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024
Published On 2024-10-29
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